Lines of Space by Devinder Kumar Dhiman Awesome Prizes!

Devinder Kumar Dhiman was born in 1965 in a small town near Chandigarh, in a middle class family. He completed his engineering graduation from the prestigious Marine Engineering and Research Institute in Kolkata. After graduation, he worked as an engineer on ship and also taught science and mathematics to XIIth standard students in a Coaching institute, in between the sailings. In 1997, he got his First Class Engineering Officer license from Directorate General of Shipping of India. After two years, he became head of the technical department of a Norwegian ship plying in international waters and continues to hold this position till date. He works on ship for about six months every year and devotes the remaining time to his interest of physics. He lives with his family in Panchkula- a beautiful town of north India.

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Genre: General Science

Publisher: CreateSpace

Release Date: June 4, 2013

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Book Description:

'Lines of Space' is a unique and interesting approach to creation of matter from empty space. The Author has presented this notion by primarily discussing the established theories of physics in an interactive dialogue with his son in order to simplify them and then comparing them with the new idea of 'Lines of Space'. The author conjectured that, in the beginning of the Universe, there was dense uniform space which converted into matter by contraction and caused different stresses in the remaining space, which in turn gave rise to fundamental forces. The author developed mathematical formula to find this stress at various locations in the universe and established its relation with cause of Gravitation,bending of Light, expansion of the Universe, Theory of Relativity and creation of subatomic particles. Thus, he has presented in this book, an absolutely new, ground-breaking, plausible and fascinating look in to the world of physics where all matter in the universe is created from space itself and the fundamental forces subsist due to stress in the 'Lines of Space'.

Praise for Lines of Space:

“This is a fascinating new look into the world of physics and Science. I think your way of presenting the material through discussion with your children is innovative and well done.”---Editor of Book-Editing- Services

“I found it very interesting, I also like your style, and can just say, keep on going, you have talent.”---Dragan Bebic, Technical Superintendent

“New concept of Lines of Space has made me understand the universe and creation of matter in a very simple manner which has been given with adequate proof, hard to negate.”---Capt Sharat Kumar, Master Mariner.
'Lines of Space' concept explains laws of physics really well and gives a relation between strong nuclear force, electrostatic force and gravitational force. Thus, overall the book is a must read and the theories discussed have the potential to change science in a better way.”--- Nikhil Dhiman, Student Engineering

“Author has presented the theories of science in a very good analytical way with experimental proof, mathematical calculations and original stories of different inventions.” --Bibhash Ranjan Datta, Electrical Engineer

Excerpts:

Excerpt No.1

I was delighted that Sahil had started showing some interest in science. Next day he had another question ready for me when I came home from the factory.

“Daddy, I have read about quarks but I don’t understand them,” he pronounced, and then asked, “Can you explain this to me?”

“Both protons and neutrons are composed of elementary particles called quarks,” I told him. “There are six types of quarks. Quarks having a charge of +2/3 are called Up-Quarks and quarks having a charge -1/3 are called Down-Quarks. Protons are composed of two up-quarks and one down-quark, while a neutron consists of one up-quark and two down-quarks. This distinction accounts for the difference in mass and charge between the two particles.

“How?”

“If you add two up- quarks and one down-quark, what do you get,” I asked Sahil.

2 x (+2/3) + (-1/3) = 3/3= +1, calculated Sahil quickly.

“Now add one up-quark and two-down quarks,” I told him.

“(+2/3) + 2 x (-1/3) = 0.”

“Now you see that the first case of combination of quarks resulted in the formation of proton having positive charge +1 and in the second case, this combination formed a neutron having no charge.”

“But it seems that mathematical juggling has been used to prove the existence of quarks,” advocated Sahil.

“Yes, you may be right,” I agreed with him. “But we don’t have any better explanation so we have to follow this until we get one,” I added. “These quarks are held together by the strong nuclear force, which gluons mediate.”

“What are gluons?” asked Sahil.

“They must be like glue which keep the quarks together,” interrupted Ritika. I almost agreed with her unintentionally.

“The gluon is a member of gauge boson family.”

“Now, what is this gauge boson?” asked Sahil.

“These are elementary particles that mediate physical forces.”

“How?”

“You know that when electrons or protons hit other particles, they transfer some force to them.”

“Yes.”

“This transfer of force is done by these particles such as bosons and photons.”

“Why can’t electrons and protons do this job by themselves?” asked Ritika.

“I don’t know,” I gave honest answer. “But there is something interesting to know about bosons.”

“What?” asked Ritika.

“Boson is the name derived from its inventor Satyender Nath Bose.”

“You mean an Indian invented this particle!” they were surprised.

“Yes, he stayed in West Bengal and he also worked with Einstein.”

“Tell us more about him,” they asked me.

“You can check on the internet,” I suggested.

“Daddy, there have been many hits and trials, assumptions, experiments, errors and corrections done by scientists to reach the present level of knowledge of science,” stated Sahil.

“Yes, you’re right. Many times, the theories put forward by scientists were found wrong by experiments carried out later and then scientists had to correct themselves,” I agreed with him. “But which particular gaffe you are referring to?”

“First Thompson discovered electrons and changed the theory that the atom is indivisible. He put forward the Plum Pudding model of an atom where he proposed that an atom has negatively charged electrons in a sea of positive charge. This theory was again discarded when Rutherford gave his model.”

“Yes.”

“And after that, Rutherford suggested that electrons revolve around a nucleus, which was later refined by Bohr, who suggested that the electrons were confined into clearly defined, quantized orbits and could jump between these, but could not freely spiral inward or outward in intermediate states.”

“And after that?” I pushed him.

“Bohr’s model of fixed orbits was discarded in favor of orbitals of electrons.”

“Well done! Now it seems that you have understood the structure of the atom,” I told him.

“Thank you, Daddy.”

“Thanks from me too,” added Ritika.

So, I had won a little battle by making him interested in at least one chapter of science that was common in physics and chemistry. But my mind was still hovering around his one question: where do the electrons get their negative charge. Today, he gave me one more thing to wonder. He had commented that the discovery of quarks was just mathematical juggling. I couldn’t disagree with his comment, why do up-quarks have +2/3 charge and down-quarks have –1/3 charge? And why do they combine in such a way that a proton becomes positively charged and a neutron becomes neutral? Why can’t (say) five down-quarks combine with one up-quark to form an electron, which should also have a mass equal to a proton and a charge opposite to a proton? There were many unanswered questions, and my chain of thoughts had started. I was going deeper and deeper in my deliberations when my wife called me to inform that dinner was ready and broke the chain.

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